Do you want to create a PDF ebook from wikipedia or want to download your favorite wikipedia page as a PDF file.Now wikipedia itself provides  a solution for it.Wikipedia's new beta design helps you to do this.Click Try beta design on the top link and log on to wikipedia using your username and password,if you have one,else register for one.

Any article can be downloaded or printed as a PDF, and multiple articles can be combined into a PDF book.In the left-hand sidebar, under "Toolbox," in print/export menu you'll find a "PDF version" link that uses Wikipedia's servers to generate a highly printable PDF of any Wikipedia article, no third-party tools needed.The "Create a Book" tools, which lets you add pages in real time as you explore through Wikipedia's knowledge bases. Click "Show Book," and you can re-order your pages, give your book a title and subtitle, and save it to your account for online reference or download a PDF for printing.

 

Here is the screenshot of how I did it,follow the guidelines to build an ebook within minutes (depend on your internet speed).After logging into wikipedia click Create a book from Print/Export menu located on the left sidebar.Then  open the page that you want to make the ebook and click the link Add the page to your book.When the page is added the link is changed to Remove the page from your book.Click this if you want to remove the page.On next of it you can see Show book (18 pages). Shows the number of pages added to your book.Refer the figure shown below,

After adding the pages and rearranging it you can download it as PDF file.This is the screenshot of an ebook that I created using this method.

Share your experience.If you know/find any hacks or tips don’t forget to share it with our readers.

  The idea is not new,but the delicate sensing system needed to detect the vibration and measure its frequency is new.European researchers have built a new device that can do just that. It may ultimately allow scientists to study the progress of chemical reactions, molecule by molecule.The new devise is a delicate sensing system needed to detect the vibration and measure its frequency.
                          
                               Real-life image (inset) of a carbon nanotube.
  
         Some nanotubes turn out to be semiconductors, depending on how the graphene sheet is wound, and it is these that offer the solution that CARDEQ has developed.It may then become possible to observe the radioactive decay of a single nucleus and to study other types of quantum mechanical phenomena.

 [Source: sciencedaily]

The future of nanotechnology is a promising one.According to Scientific American,between 1997 and 2005, investment in nanotech research and development by governments around the world soared from $432 million to about $4.1 billion, and corresponding industry investment exceeded that of governments by 2005. By 2015, products incorporating nanotech will contribute approximately $1 trillion to the global economy. About two million workers will be employed in nanotech industries, and three times that many will have supporting jobs.

Scientists are also developing ever more sophisticated ways of encapsulating molecules and delivering them on demand for targeted drug delivery reported by physics world.

  Nanotechnology may have its biggest impact on the medical industry. Patients will drink fluids containing nanorobots programmed to attack and reconstruct the molecular structure of cancer cells and viruses. There's even speculation that nanorobots could slow or reverse the aging process, and life expectancy could increase significantly. Nanorobots could also be programmed to perform delicate surgeries -- such nanosurgeons could work at a level a thousand times more precise than the sharpest scalpel.Nanotechnology has the potential to have a positive effect on the environment. For instance, scientists could program airborne nanorobots to rebuild the thinning ozone layer.

Nanotechnology And Health:
   Günter Oberdörster, Ph.D., professor of Toxicology in Environmental Medicine and director of the university's EPA Particulate Matter Center, has already completed one study showing that inhaled nano-sized particles accumulate in the nasal cavities, lungs and brains of rats. Scientists speculate this buildup could lead to harmful inflammation and the risk of brain damage or central nervous system disorders.For decades Oberdörster has studied how the body interacts with ambient ultrafine particles, including automotive and power plant emissions and dust from the World Trade Center disaster. What's different about nanotechnology is that these particles are man-made into a well-defined size, down to a billionth of a meter, and appear to seep all the way into the mitochondria, or energy source, of living cells.

     Chan  an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto's Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering together with Hans Fischer, a PhD student  in his group,argue that the development of predictive models of nanostructure toxicity requires a systematic mapping of the fate, kinetics, clearance, metabolism, protein coating, immune response and toxicity of nanostructures to the nanostructure’s physical properties within a life cycle model.
"Currently, there is a common assumption that the small size of nanostructures allows them to easily enter tissues, cells, organelles, and functional biomolecular structures (i.e. DNA, ribosomes) since the actual physical size of an engineered nanostructure is similar to many biological molecules (e.g. antibodies, proteins) and structures (e.g. viruses)" explains Chan. "A corollary is that the entry of the nanostructures into vital biological systems could cause damage, which could subsequently cause harm to human health. However, a number of recent studies have demonstrated that despite the size of the nanostructures they do not freely go into all biological systems but are instead governed by the functional molecules added to their surfaces."

Nanotechnology And Environment:

         Because of their tiny size, nanomaterials have special properties that make them ideal for a range of commercial and medical uses, but researchers are still trying to determine how they might affect humans and animals. Gold, for example, may behave differently when introduced at nanoscale into the human body, where it is chemically inert in traditional applications.Scientific studies also suggest nanoparticles can cause health problems and damage aquatic life. For instance, they lodge in the lungs and respiratory tract and cause inflammation, possibly at an even greater rate than asbestos and soot do."Nanoparticles are like the roach motel. The nanoparticles check in but they don't check out," said John Balbus, health program director for the advocacy group Environmental Defense.

This vedio describes The environmental impact of nanomaterials found on Youtube,

In 1965, Gordon Moore, one of the founders of Intel Corporation, made the astounding prediction that the number of transistors that could be fit in a given area would double every 18 months for the next ten years. This it did and the phenomenon became known as Moore's Law.

The history of nanotechnology begins with a lecture titled, 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom' a talk given by physicist  Richard P. Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959; "there is nothing besides our clumsy size that keeps us from using this space. In his time, it was not possible for us to manipulate single atoms or molecules because they were far too small for our tools." His speech was completely theoretical and seemingly fantastic. He described how the laws of physics do not limit our ability to manipulate single atoms and molecules. Instead, it was our lack of the appropriate methods for doing so. However, he correctly predicted that the time would come in which atomically precise manipulation of matter would inevitably arrive.

Here is a shot vedio about the history of nanotecgnology found on Youtube,

The term "nanotechnology" was first defined by Norio Taniguchi of the Tokyo Science University in a 1974 paper as follows: "'Nano-technology' mainly consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule." Since that time the definition of nanotechnology has generally been extended to include features as large as 100 nm. The idea that nanotechnology embraces structures exhibiting quantum mechanical aspects, such as quantum dots, has further evolved its definition.

The history of nanotechnology in chronological order,

1959
"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," a talk given by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech.

1974
Taniguchi uses term "nano-technology" in paper on ion-sputter machining

1977
Drexler originates molecular nanotechnology concepts at MIT

1981
First technical paper on molecular engineering to build with atomic precision
STM invented

1985
Buckyball discovered

1986
First book published,AFM invented,First organization formed

1987
First protein engineered,First university symposium

1988
First university course

1989
First national conference,IBM logo spelled in individual atoms

1990
Japan's STA begins funding nanotech projects,First nanotechnology journal

1991
IBM endorses bottom-up path,Japan's MITI commits $200 million,Carbon nanotube discovered

1992
First Congressional testimony,First textbook published

1993
First coverage of nanotech from White House,First Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology awarded,"Engines of Creation" book given to Rice administration, stimulating first university nanotech center

1994
Nanosystems textbook used in first university course


1995
First industry analysis of military applications,First think tank report

1996
First European conference,NASA begins work in computational nanotech,$250,000 Feynman Grand Prize announced,First nanobio conference

1997
First company founded,First design of nanorobotic system

1998
First NSF forum,First DNA-based nanomechanical device

1999
First safety guidelines,First Nanomedicine book published

2000
President Clinton announces U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative

2001
First report on nanotech industry

2002
First nanotech industry conference

2003
Call for balancing NNI research portfolio,Drexler/Smalley debate is published in Chemical & Engineering News

2004
First policy conference on advanced nanotech,First center for nanomechanical systems

2005
At Nanoethics meeting, Roco announces nanomachine/nanosystem project count has reached 300

 Nanotechnology is the study and use of structures between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers in size. Nanotechnology is the postulated ability to manufacture objects and structures with atomic precision, literally atom by atom. This technology will have tremendous potential if it can be developed; simple applications involve the creation of new and powerful materials, perfect diamond in bulk quantities and a tool to manipulate objects on any scale. More advanced applications would involve massively parallel nanocomputers, self-replication and more or less bright nanodevices able to interact with their surroundings.Nanotechnology is the science of the extremely tiny. According to the US Government’s National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) “nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.”

Here is a vedio found on Youtube,will give an introsuction to nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology refers to the science and technology of building devices, such as electronic circuits, from single atoms and molecules.The term nanotechnology  been used more broadly to refer to techniques that produce or measure features less than 100 nanometers in size; this meaning embraces advanced microfabrication and metrology.

According to Britannica Concise Encyclopedia nanotechnogy is,

Manipulation of atoms, molecules, and materials to form structures on the scale of nanometres (billionths of a metre). These nanostructures typically exhibit new properties or behaviours due to quantum mechanics. In 1959 Richard Feynman first pointed out some potential quantum benefits of miniaturization. A major advancement was the invention of molecular-beam epitaxy by Alfred Cho and John Arthur at Bell Laboratories in 1968 and its development in the 1970s, which enabled the controlled deposition of single atomic layers. Scientists have made some progress at building devices, including computer components, at nanoscales. Faster progress has occurred in the incorporation of nanomaterials in other products, such as stain-resistant coatings for clothes and invisible sunscreens.

According to wikipedia,

Nanotechnology,is the study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller, and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Nanotechnology is very diverse, ranging from novel extensions of conventional device physics, to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, to developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale, even to speculation on whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale.

The U.S. National Science Foundation defines it as: "Research and technology development in the length scale of approximately 1 to 100 nanometers." By this loose definition, some types of nanotechnology exist already, producing specialized materials and components including powders, films, and chemicals. Not spectacular, perhaps, but attractive to investors because many products will be improved significantly.

 When I'm searching the internet for nanotechnology related news,I find this news,this will pave a datatransfer speed revolution,so just publishing it.
    
  GridFTP, a protocol developed by researchers at Argonne National Laboratory, has been used to transfer unprecedented amounts of data over the Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), which provides a reliable, high-performance communications infrastructure to facilitate large-scale, collaborative science endeavors.

The Argonne-developed system proved key to enabling research groups at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center in California to move large data sets between the facilities at a rate of 200 megabytes per second. The deployment of GridFTP at the two computing facilities is part of a major project to optimize wide-area network data transfers between sites hosting DOE leadership-class computers.

 [Source: Argonne]

  A new form of water has been discovered by physicists in Argonne's Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) Division. Called nanotube water, these molecules contain two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom but do not turn into ice — even at temperatures near absolute zero.
                                 
                                         NANO-WATER

  Instead, inside a single wall tube of carbon atoms less than 2 nanometers, or 2 billionths of a meter wide, the water forms an icy, inner wall of water molecules with a chain of liquid-like water molecules flowing through the center. This occurs at 8 Kelvins, which is minus 445 Fahrenheit. As the temperature rises closer to room temperature, the nanotube water gradually becomes liquid.

  [Source: Argonne]

 Northwestern University chemist Samuel Stupp has used nanotechnology - specifically molecules called peptide amphiphiles - to help heal heart damage in mice. The scientists induced heart attacks in the mice, then injected them with the peptide amphiphiles (modified to bond with a protein called heparin). The nanofibers collected at the site of the injury and helped speed the body's natural healing, according to researchers. Within a month, the injured mice were virtually on par with the healthy mice. The procedure seems to have also helped healing in rabbits, though obviously whether a similar procedure would be significant in aiding human healing will require more testing.

  Carbon nanotubes are the strongest material in the world. Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory tried to combine the best of both worlds by creating a composite nanostructure.

Synthesis

   They wanted to grow tiny carbon tubes with tiny diamonds.But the results were not as expected. Instead, the experiment altered the surface area of the nanotubes, creating wing-like extensions. Even though the result wasn't what the experimenters were looking for, these modified surfaces may push nanotubes further into the world of practical and applied materials and systems. It also provides insight into how to synthesize an emerging class of material called ''nanocarbons,'' which consist of different allotropes -- the same elements with different molecular structures -- of carbon combined at the nanoscale to yield new materials with unique properties.

The carbon atoms that make up nanotubes and fullerenes are bonded like graphite in sheets that resemble ''chicken wire.'' When the sheets are rolled into a ball they make fullerenes -- the soccer-ball-shaped carbon molecules, different from both graphite and diamond. If the sheets are rolled into a seamless cylinder, they create carbon nanotubes.The unique properties of these nanotubes, including their strength, electrical properties and conducting capabilities, make them useful in electronic and mechanical applications. And they are small -- only one ten-thousandth the width of a human hair.

Applications

 Carbon nanotubes have been used for structural reinforcement and in lithium-ion batteries and television screen displays, but Argonne scientist John Carlisle said they are still in the prototype stage.

  A chemical method can unzip multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) along their lengths to produce ribbonlike strips of graphene, according to researchers in Mexico.These graphene nanoribbons, which are elongated one-atom-thick strips of carbon, exhibit tantalizing mechanical and electronic properties. The materials are under study for applications ranging from hydrogen storage and battery electrodes to polymer nanocomposites and sensors.

Synthesis

Abraham G. Cano-Márquez, Fernando J. Rodríguez-Macías, and Yadira I. Vega-Cantú, all of the Institute for Scientific & Technological Research, in San Luis Potosi, and coworkers report that treating MWNTs with lithium and ammonia results in the insertion of ammonia-solvated lithium ions between the nanotubes' concentric graphene sheets. That step ruptures the multiwalled structures by prying apart the layers, which are further separated by way of hydrochloric acid and heat treatments.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) show great promise as components of nanoscale electronic devices, but most commercial applications have been stymied by the difficulty in isolating nanotubes of identical chirality from a synthetic mixture.

  Now, Xiaomin Tu and Ming Zheng of DuPont Central Research & Development, together with Suresh Manohar and Anand Jagota of Lehigh University, have shown that the unique molecular properties of DNA can be exploited to sort SWNTs (Nature 2009, 460, 250).

                                     
    [A DNA sequence consisting of ATTT repeats forms a barrel-shaped structure around a single type of chiral carbon nanotube.]

   Single walled nanotubes synthesis produces a mixture of nanotubes with nonuniform diameters and chiralities and, therefore, heterogeneous physicochemical properties. Having previously shown that a particular DNA sequence could form an ordered structure on SWNTs, Zheng and colleagues reasoned that they might be able to find a DNA sequence to purify each type of SWNT in a synthetic mixture. The problem was identifying the correct DNA molecules among an unfeasibly large number (1018) of possible 30-nucleotide sequences.

 To reduce the DNA library to a more manageable size of 350 oligonucleotides, the researchers devised a sequence-pattern-expansion scheme that considered all possible DNA sequences composed of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats. They added each DNA oligonucleotide to a random mixture of SWNTs. Then, they used ion-exchange chromatography to separate the 350 solutions into fractions, which they analyzed spectroscopically for the presence of specific DNA-SWNT hybrids.

  [Source: ACS]

 Route to cycloparaphenylenes could lead to a new way to make carbon nanotubes.

A NOVEL REACTION that could be generally useful for aromatic synthesis has made possible the assembly of a long-sought family of compounds: the cycloparaphenylenes, which are strings of benzenes joined in a ring-around-the-rosy style. The compounds could prove useful for constructing carbon nanotubes, which hold promise for electronics, advanced biosensors, and other applications.

---

  FUNDAMENTAL UNIT
Cycloparaphenylenes (a), made by Bertozzi and coworkers in 9-, 12-, and 18-benzene-ring sizes, are basic building blocks (highlighted bonds) of armchair carbon nanotubes (b).
                                     
      (a) Cycloparaphenylenes                 (b)Armchair carbon nanotubes

---

Synthesis

"It's a landmark synthesis" because of its brevity, elegance, creativity, and high product yields, comments Graham J. Bodwell of Memorial University of Newfoundland, in St. John's, who specializes in conjugated "belt" compound synthesis.

 Ramesh Jasti, chemistry professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Carolyn R. Bertozzi, and coworkers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Molecular Foundry and the University of California, Berkeley, carried out the new synthesis. They succeeded by creating rings of benzenes and cyclohexadienes and then using a new aromatization reaction they developed to convert the cyclohexadienes to benzenes.

The aromatization reaction works under low-temperature conditions and generates high yields of pure products; it is an important achievement in itself. Previously, aromatizations of highly strained compounds led to undesirable rearrangements or formation of complex mixtures.

 [Source: ACS]

    A doughnut-shaped molecule synthesized by Berkeley Lab scientists could enable the targeted development of carbon nanotubes, which hold promise for faster electronic devices and other advanced technologies.
                                    
                                            Nanohoop
        Berkeley Lab scientists synthesized a compound for the first time could help to push nanotechnology out of the lab and into faster electronic devices, more powerful sensors, and other advanced technologies.The scientists developed a hoop-shaped chain of benzene molecules that had eluded synthesis, despite numerous efforts, since it was theorized more than 70 years ago.

         The much-anticipated debut of the compound, called cycloparaphenylene, couldn’t be better timed. It comes as scientists are working to improve the way carbon nanotubes are produced, and the newly synthesized nanohoop happens to be the shortest segment of a carbon nanotube. Scientists could use the segment to grow much longer carbon nanotubes in a controlled way, with each nanotube identical to the next.

Synthesis

           To synthesize the elusive cycloparaphenylene, the team developed a relatively simple, low-temperature way to bend a string of benzene rings — which normally resist bending — into a hoop. The result is a structure that is as unusual as it is potentially useful. It should be flat, but it’s circular. And it’s poised to improve the way one of most promising stars in nanotechnology is produced.Carbon nanotubes are hollow wires of pure carbon about 50,000 times narrower than a human hair.

        They can be semiconducting or metallic depending on how they’re structured. Their unique properties could usher in a new era of faster and smaller computers, or tiny sensors powerful enough to detect a single molecule.But carbon nanotubes haven’t made inroads into the electronics industry and other sectors because they’re difficult to make in large quantities. They’re currently produced in batches, with only a handful of nanotubes in each batch possessing the desired characteristics.

         This shotgun approach works fine in the lab, but it’s too inefficient for commercial applications.Cycloparaphenylene offers a more targeted approach. The family of compounds forms the smallest carbon hoop structure with a set diameter and set orientation of benzene molecules, which are the two variables that determine a nanotube’s electronic properties.Because of this, cycloparaphenylene molecules could be used as seeds or templates to grow large batches of carbon nanotubes with just the right specifications.

This combination of precision and high yield will be needed if carbon nanotubes are to make the jump from the lab to the commercial sector. In order for carbon nanotubes to replace silicon wafers in electronics, for example, they’ll need to be just as unblemished as silicon wafers, and just as easy to make in large numbers.

Purdue University researchers have created magnetically responsive gold nanostars that may offer a new approach to biomedical imaging.
                            
                Research team members stand with equipment used for gyromagnetic imaging of gold nanostars.
       
          The nanostars gyrate when exposed to a rotating magnetic field and can scatter light to produce a pulsating or "twinkling" effect. This twinkling allows them to stand out more clearly from noisy backgrounds like those found in biological tissue. Alexander Wei, a professor of chemistry, and Kenneth Ritchie, an associate professor of physics, led the team that created the new gyromagnetic imaging method.

 Purdue university researchers align nanotubes to improve artificial joints.Researchers have shown that artificial joints might be improved by making the implants out of tiny carbon tubes and filaments that are all aligned in the same direction, mimicking the alignment of collagen fibers and natural ceramic crystals in real bones. The researchers already have shown in a series of experiments that bone cells in Petri dishes attach better to materials that possess smaller surface bumps than are found on conventional materials used to make artificial joints. The smaller features also stimulate the growth of more new bone tissue, which is critical for the proper attachment of artificial joints once they are implanted.
                                
                                         Arrays of nanofibers

       Now, the Purdue researchers have shown even more enhanced cell adhesion and growth when so-called "nanotubes" and nanofibers are aligned in the same direction. This orientation is similar to the way collagen and natural ceramic crystals, called hydroxyapatite, are aligned in bone, said Thomas Webster, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Purdue.

 [Source: Prude]

 UCLA chemists report new method for producing carbon nanoscrolls, an alternative to nanotubes.A room-temperature chemical method for producing a new form of carbon called carbon nanoscrolls.
                                      
         Nanoscrolls are closely related to the carbon nanotubes.Nanoscrolls have significant advantages over them,which may have numerous industrial applications.Nanotubes are pure carbon sheets in a tubular form, capped at each end. Viculis and Mack's carbon nanoscrolls are also pure carbon but the sheets are curled up, without the caps on the ends, potentially allowing access to significant additional surface area. While nanotubes are normally made at high temperatures, nanoscrolls can be produced at room temperature.
[Source :Scienceblog]

    Here is a hot news for nano researchers and scientisits.Global nanoelectronics market may reach $409.6 billion by 2015-according to New research report by GIA.
Nanoelectronics is expected to exercise a considerable influence on
semiconductors, displays, memory and storage devices, and communication
devices.GIA exopects that nanoelectronics based devices will become
more reliable, interactive, cost effective, and would be capable of
surviving under extreme weather conditions and pollution. Integration
of molecular biology and nanoelectronics creates avenues for developing
hybrid devices that would find utilization in a wide range of
biological and medical application.

    
Rice University's Andrew Barron and his group, working with labs in Italy, Germany and Greece, have identified specific molecules that could block the means by which the deadly virus spreads by taking away its ability to bind with other proteins.The groups reported their findings in a paper published on the American Chemical Society's Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling web site.Their method of modeling ways to attack HIV may not be unique, but their collaboration is. Research groups from five institutions -- two in Greece, one in Germany, one in Italy and Barron's group at Rice -- came together through e-mail contacts and conversations over many months, each working on facets of the problem. "Not all the groups have ever met in person," Barron said.
                                      
Most remarkable, he said, is that their research to date has been completely unfunded.Using simulations to narrow down a collection of fullerenes to find the good ones is "the least time-consuming low-cost procedure for efficient, rational drug design," the team wrote.

 [Source : Azonano]

    
  Carbon Design Innovations, Inc. announced the availability of two new atomic force microscope (AFM) probes types with carbon nanotube (CNT) tips. The CCHAR (carbon core high-aspect ratio) and CCHR (carbon core highresolution) CNT probes offer quantum improvements for AFM imaging, substantially improving results, reducing overall cost of operation and opening new avenues for research.
                             
   Carbon Design Innovations, Inc. has a patent pending process for the deterministic manufacture of carbon nanotube (CNT) devices. Based on this breakthrough process, the company is able to produce CNT AFM probes that are perfectly straight and precisely aligned, allowing them to be set at desired angles to the surface.

 [Source: Azonano]

  A team of researchers led by Wolfgang Tremel at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have now developed a new technique for producing tin disulfide nanotubes. According to the report published in the journal Angewandte Chemie, the scientists have found a way of 'growing' SnS2 tubules from a metal droplet.

Synthesis
   They first used the vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) process, a technique more commonly used to produce semicon-ductor nanowires. Bismuth powder is combined with tin disulfide nanoflakes, and the mixture is heated in a tube furnace under an argon gas flow. The product of the reaction is deposited at the cooler end.

 Nanodroplets of bismuth are formed in the furnace, and these act as local collec-tion points for tin. In this manner, the reaction partners accumulate in the metal droplets, providing the raw material from which nanotubes can be grown. Tremel explains: "In this process, the metal droplets are retained in the form of spheres at the end of the tubes, while the nanotubes grow out of them like hairs from follicles. And thanks to the catalytic effect provided by the metal droplets, it is possible to grow nanotubes even at relatively low temperatures."

Using the new technique, the team has been able to produce perfect nanotubes with diameters in a range of 30 - 40 nm and lengths of 100 - 500 nm consisting of several layers of SnS2.
 [Source : azonano ]

    
 A team of researchers from DuPont and Lehigh University has reported a breakthrough in the quest to produce carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that are suitable for use in electronics, medicine and other applications.
Source : azonano

       Over the past month, three new research papers have highlighted the potential of nanotubes as weapons against cancer.A group headed by James R. Baker, Jr., M.D., University of Michigan, describes its success in linking single-molecule nanoparticles known as dendrimers to the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The resulting combination nanomaterial is highly stable, readily disperses in water, and is biocompatible.The dendrimers that Dr. Baker’s group uses function as targeting agents that deliver the nanotubes specifically to tumor cells that overexpress high-affinity folic acid receptors. Although other research teams also have developed methods for targeting nanotubes to tumors, this approach holds particular promise because dendrimers also can be modified to carry drugs and imaging agents as well as targeting agents.

More >>> National Cancer Institute Cancer Nanotechnology Platform Partnerships

    
CNano Technology (CNano), founded in 2007,producing a wide range of applications based on extremely pure carbon nanotubes, announced that it has successfully scaled up its manufacturing technology to reach the world's largest production capacity of 500 tons per year for multiple wall carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube products are already in evaluation with selected customers in several markets that include electronics, automotive and energy storage.

    Scientists at the University of Delaware say they have developed a new hydrogen storage method-carbonized chicken feather fibers; that can hold vast amounts of hydrogen.
“Carbonized chicken feather fibers have the potential to dramatically improve upon existing methods of hydrogen storage and perhaps pave the way for the practical development of a truly hydrogen-based energy economy,” says Richard P. Wool, professor of chemical engineering and director of the University's Affordable Composites from Renewable Resources (ACRES) program.

  The research was presented by Erman Senoz, a graduate student in UD's Department of Chemical Engineering.Chicken feather fibers are mostly composed of keratin, a natural protein that forms strong, hollow tubes. When heated, this protein creates crosslinks, which strengthen its structure, and becomes more porous, increasing its surface area. The net result is carbonized chicken feather fibers, which can absorb as much or perhaps more hydrogen than carbon nanotubes or metal hydrides, two other materials being studied for their hydrogen storage potential, Wool says. Plus, they're cheap.Using carbonized chicken feathers would only add about $200 to the price of a car, according to Wool. By comparison, making a 20-gallon hydrogen fuel tank that uses carbon nanotubes could cost $5.5 million; one that uses metal hydrides could cost up to $30,000, Wool says.

       Your literature surveys are over,you done your experiment works,anlaysed data,prepared article,...Great job! Now the time for publish your article.Like every researcher you have a secret ambition to show your work to the entire world. There are lot of academic publishers around the world.This simple list will show some good academic publishers.

Annual Reviews
Annual Reviews is proud to publish authoritative, analytic reviews in 37 focused disciplines within the Biomedical, Life, Physical, and Social Sciences. Annual Reviews publications are among the most highly cited in scientific literature. Annual Reviews offers publications in print and online to individuals, institutions, and consortia throughout the world.

Bedford, Freeman & Worth
Publishing Group

  Publisher of college textbooks for higher education, career colleges, lifelong learning, government and corporate training.

Cengage Learning
Cengage Learning delivers highly-customized learning solutions for universities, instructors, students, libraries, government agencies, corporations.

Elsevier (Includes Academic Press)

Academic Press has been a leading publisher of scientific books for more than 65 years. For scientific and medical researchers, Academic Press provides high quality scientific reference and academic content. From neuroscience to earth science, Academic Press is committed to publishing a wide variety of superior quality content from today’s leading experts.

Greenwood Publishing Group (Includes Praeger)

Publisher of reference titles, academic and general interest books, and textbooks.

Guilford Press

Guilford Press (Guilford Publications) is a publisher of professional and self- help books, as well as journals, newsletters, software.

Jessica Kingsley Publishers

Publishers of accessible professional and academic books in the social and behavioural sciences.

McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Main catalogs including     Business, Economics, & Computer Information Technology,Career Education,Education,Engineering/Computer Science,Humanities, Social Sciences, and World Languages,Science and Mathematics

Pearson Higher Education (Allyn & Bacon/Longman)

Publishes college course materials from introductory levels to advanced, professional, reference publications, and monographs.

Prentice Hall (Pearson Higher Education)

Prentice Hall Secondary Education Division (Grades 6-12) is the nation's leading publisher of middle school and high school textbooks and technology

Psychology Press (Taylor & Francis)

Springer (Includes Kluwer and Plenum)

Buy academic journals, books and online media at Springer. Choose from thousands of scientific, technology medical and business titles.

Wiley Higher Education (Blackwell Publishing)

Wiley Higher Education is the publisher of textbooks and other educational resources in digital and online formats across a range of disciplines.

HighWire Press

Division of the Stanford University Libraries producing online versions of peer- reviewed journals and scholarly content.Delivering scientific and medical research online.

Brill  

With offices in Leiden and Boston (MA), Brill today publishes more than 100 journals and around 500 new books and reference works each year.

University Press of America, Inc.

Publishes academic and scholarly monographs in the humanities and social sciences.

     Did you ever want to take Wikipedia with you while you are offline?

The Wikimedia Foundation has set up an offline Wikipedia version themselves understanding this need. The English version with a collection of about 2000 pages can be had in the form of a CD (an ISO file). But it comes at a cost of $13.99.
But here is another solution which is free of charge.A freeware software- 
  Wikitaxi will helps you.
WikiTaxi enables you to read, search, and browse Wikipedia offline. No Internet connection is needed, all pages are stored in a WikiTaxi database. Because Wikipedia is constantly growing, WikiTaxi uses compression to make sure that the database stays reasonably small. The huge English Wikipedia easily fits on a 8 GB memory stick.WikiTaxi is multilingual,you can use it for Wikipedias from different languages . It also works well with the dictionary and quotation Wikis, if you like. You can also save multiple Wikis to disk and use all of them with WikiTaxi.


Download
7-zip, 949 KB.
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Operating Systems Win32,License Free for personal use.

Zipedia 
Zipedia is a Mozilla Add-on for Firefox enabling offline browsing.

Wikislice
Wikislice is an application that allows the user to collate Wikipedia entries based on a particular topic or subtopic.Wikislice comes as a web based tool as well as a desktop interface. To use Wikislice, just type the topic of your interest in the search bar provided and Wikislice will display all the applicable information for you to browse or download.

Pocket Wikipedia
A carefully compiled handpicked selection of Wikipedia information and comprises of nearly 24,000 images and 14 million words.

Search engines made a big help to find research papers,informations etc. from internet.Here is a list of most used search engines and some simple tips to use it better.These articles is an updated one,if I find anything new I'll update it.

Google
 The best and biggest search engine.You can search for PDF files by entetering "filetype:pdf" after your keywords.Eg:- nanotube filetype:pdf for word file nanotube filetype:doc You can use this by from  Advanced Search option and select the filetype that you needed.Google supports,Powerpoint,pdf,word (doc),rich text,excel etc.You can restrict your search by choosing Language from advanced search.

Yahoo! Search
 The search engine that helps you find relevant information, video, images, and answers from all across the web.You can use the advanced search option to search for pdf/doc files only by selecting the format that you needed. Eg:-nanotube pdf files only.

Bing (formerly MSN Search and Live Search)
Bing is a search engine that finds and organizes the answers you need so you can make faster, more informed decisions.

Ask.com
Offers search for web sites, images, news, blogs, video, maps and directions, local search and shopping.

Question and answer search
  Now the popularity of yahoo answers shows people need help on their area of research.So here some human answers and automatic answers search engines are shown,these will really helps you.

Human answers search engines

Answers.com
The ultimate answer engine, with quick accurate dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, bios, tech terms, news, sports, weather, and much more.

eHow
  Learn how to do just about everything at eHow, the world's most popular place to find How To instructions.

Uclue
Ask questions and browse existing answers from experts in various categories.

Yahoo! Answers
You can ask questions on any topic, get answers from real people, and share your insights.

Stack Overflow
A language-independent collaboratively edited question and answer site for programmers.                     

DeeperWeb
DeeperWeb is an innovative search engine plugin and an essential Firefox addon for Google.

   You done a research work and completed all the studies.Now it's the time for publish it.Here I describe the 'rules of thumb' for writing research articles and getting them published.
What’s a “research article” ?
         When scientists and other scholars want to make the results of their work public, they usually begin by publishing them in a scholarly journal with a title and description of their work.Research articel is a technical document that
describes a significant experimental, theoretical or observational extension of current
knowledge, or advances in the practical application of known principles(O'Conner and
Woodford, 1976).Scientific research articles provide a method for scientists to communicate with other scientists about the results of their research.

Research articles will usually contain:

• a summary or “abstract”
• a description of the research
• the results they got
• the significance of the results.

 A standard format is used for these articles, in which the author presents the research in an orderly, logical manner.

                       FORMAT FOR THE PAPER

• TITLE
• AUTHORS
• ABSTRACT
• INTRODUCTION
• METHODOLOGY
• RESULTS
• CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION
• REFERENCES

TITLE
   The full title of the paper without abbreviations. The title should be as brief and informative as possible, specifying clearly the content of the article.The title usually describes the subject matter that  describes the contents of the paper or the article.It should attracts the reader's attention.Avoid complex grammer and make it eye catchy.

AUTHORS
The person who did the work and wrote the paper is generally listed as the first author of a research paper.

ABSTRACT
The abstract reflects the main 'story' of the research paper.An abstract, or summary, is published together with a research article, giving the reader a "preview" of what's to come.An abstract not exceeding 200 words containing the principal ideas, methodology, results and important conclusions is required. Foot notes and abbreviations should be avoided in the abstract.

INTRODUCTION
 The introduction should be brief and limited to the definition of the problem, the aims and purposes of the research and its relation with other studies in the field. Also the working hypothesis must be clearly stated. 

METHODOLOGY
  Relevant details on the experimental design and techniques to provide enough detail for competent researchers to repeat the experiment. Do not put results in this section.If you work is complicated to explain, including a diagram, table or flowchart to explain the methods you used will really helps the readers.

RESULTS
Clearly present the results you've gotten. Use graphs and tables if appropriate, but also summarize your main findings in the text.Use appropriate methods of showing data.Give attention to the most significant findings.

CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION
Explains discrepancies and unexpected findings and states importance of discoveries and future implications.Highlight the most significant results, but don't just repeat what you've written in the Results section.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This field is optional,You can thank those who either helped with the experiments, or made other important contributions etc.Acknowledgments for financial support must be cited on the corresponding section.

REFERENCES
Gives list of related literature and information sources.always cite the most accessible references.

Further reading
 The following links will help you to understand about 'FORMAT FOR THE RESEARCH PAPER'.If you can find abeeter one iinform me,so our readers can use it.

1.    RULES OF THUMB FOR WRITING RESEARCH ARTICLES [PDF]
2.    FORMAT OF RESEARCH ARTICLES
3.    WRITING A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ARTICLE

Your literature surveys are over,you done your experiment works,anlaysed data,prepared article,...Great job! Now the time for publish your article.Like every researcher you have a secret ambition to show your work to the entire world. There are lot of academic publishers around the world.This simple list will show some good academic publishers.

ScienceDirect  

An information source for scientific, technical, and medical research. Subscription required for some sections.

 Seeing is believing.Need academic vedios? The following sites will help you to view and download academic vedios for free.

AcademicEarth 

 Academic Earth is an organization founded with the goal of giving everyone on earth access to a world-class education.

Subjects
Astronomy,Biology,Chemistry,Computer Science,Economics,Engineering
English,Entrepreneurship,History,Law,Mathematics,Medicine,Philosophy
Physics,Political Science,Psychology,Religion.

ResearchChannel

ResearchChannel was founded by a consortium of leading research and academic institutions to share the valuable work of their researchers with the public. ResearchChannel is now available to nearly 38 million satellite and cable television subscribers and our Web site is visited by 2 million visitors each year. The channel is also available on more than 80 university-and school-based cable systems in the United States and in other countries.

TeacherTube

TeacherTube was the idea of Jason Smith, a 14-year veteran educator. Jason has been a teacher, coach, campus administrator and district administrator in public schools.

He asked the question, "Why can't teachers, students, and schools utilize the power of the read/write web for learning?" To overcome barriers, he decided to just create a site and get started trying to help. He turned to his brother, Adam, who is a younger, digital native, with technical skills. Adam used his skills to develop the site and found a web host. Soon, Jason's wife, Jodie, joined the team to start populating the site with videos and help improve the communication. She too has 14 years of experience in education as a classroom teacher, campus technology integrator, and district curriculum coordinator.

YouTube EDU

 Videos and Channels from college and university partners of YouTube.

Yovisto

 Yovisto is a new video search engine for educational videos and e-lectures. yovisto provides a social tagging function.

The basic and widely used search engines used for academic purposes are:

1. Google scholar 

2. Scirus

Google scholar 

Take alook at some features of Google scholar search;
● Find papers, abstracts and citations
● Locate the complete paper through patron's library or on the web
● Learn about key papers in any area of research
● Google Scholar strongly recommends indexing full-text versions of the work to be submitted
to GS.
● Indexes magazines that are suitable primarily for a scholarly audience
● Google Scholar indexes only scholarly articles. For textbooks and monographs Google Book
Search can be used
● Indexes Research Articles of the Professional society
● Indexing of Searchable PDF, HTML, PostScript, compressed PostScript (ps.gz), and
compressed PDF (pdf.gz)
 

Scirus 

Scirus is the most comprehensive science-specific search engine on the Internet. Driven by the latest search engine technology.Main features of scirus are;

· Searches the whole web including access-controlled sites
· Targets scientific information only
· Covers more than 250 million science related pages
· Finds more peer-reviewed articles than any other search engine
· Reads non-text files in PDF, Postscript and others

· Find the latest reports, peer-reviewed articles, patents, pre prints and journals that other searchengines miss.

RefSeek 

 RefSeek is a new  search engine that’s targeting students and researchers.It aims to make academic information easily accessible to everyone. RefSeek searches more than one billion documents,

including web pages, books,encyclopedias, journals, and newspapers.RefSeek offer a very strong human-powered directory along with search when needed. Make it so the directory answers about 80% of the needs of their target market and let the search handle the other 20%.Simply serach Refseek about Nanotechnology. The first two results are from Wikipedia and from Encarta. Shows  2,313,454 results for nanotechnology. You van Narrow your search:
applications,companies,nature,national initiative,research,top 100 companies;using Narrow your search on the right side of the search result page.Some related images are also displayed at the bottom of the right pane.

InfoMine   

InfoMine provides comprehensive information on mining, the mining industry, mining technology and mineral exploration.

ProQuest 

ProQuest creates specialized information resources and technologies that propel successful research, discovery, and lifelong learning. A global leader in serving libraries of all types, ProQuest offers the expertise of such respected brands as CSA™, UMI®, Chadwyck-Healey™, SIRS®, and eLibrary®. With Serials Solutions®, Ulrich's™, RefWorks®, COS™, Dialog® and now Bowker® part of the ProQuest brand family, the company supports the breadth of the information community with innovative discovery solutions that power the business of books and the best in research experience.